Organ Systems and Cellular Processes

This unit examines cellular-level processes (metabolism, cellular respiration, and cell division) and connects them to the structure and function of major organ systems, including integumentary, skeletal, nervous, immune, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. Students synthesize how these systems interact to maintain homeostasis, support movement, protect the body, and respond to infection or injury, preparing them for clinical applications in the next unit.

Learning Objectives

• Analyze how cellular metabolism and ATP production (including mitochondrial function and enzymatic activity) support the physiological functions of respiratory, digestive, and muscular systems.
• Demonstrate understanding of cell division processes (mitosis and meiosis) and evaluate their roles in tissue growth, repair, and reproduction (including stages of labor and delivery).
• Apply anatomical terminology to identify and differentiate axial and appendicular skeletal structures and relate skeletal anatomy to movement, protection, and articulation.
• Evaluate the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems, integumentary system, and adaptive immune responses, and explain how these systems interact to maintain homeostasis and respond to injury or infection.