Support and Transport Systems

This unit examines the structure and function of the muscular and integumentary systems and builds into an integrated study of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. Students deepen anatomical knowledge and apply physiological principles (blood composition, circulation, ventilation mechanics, and chemical digestion) to explain normal function and common clinical scenarios, preparing them for more advanced clinical applications in subsequent units.

Learning Objectives

• Analyze the structure–function relationships of the muscular and integumentary systems by labeling major muscles and skin layers, describing muscle attachments and actions, and explaining how integumentary structures contribute to protection and homeostasis.
• Demonstrate cardiac and vascular anatomy proficiency by tracing blood flow through the heart and major blood vessels, identifying components of the coronary and systemic circuits, and interpreting basic cardiac cycle events.
• Apply principles of blood composition and circulation physiology to predict effects of changes in blood elements, vessel diameter, or cardiac output on oxygen delivery, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion using quantitative reasoning and case-based examples.
• Evaluate respiratory and digestive system anatomy and physiology by explaining the mechanics of ventilation, gas exchange, and the steps of chemical digestion, and by interpreting clinical scenarios that alter breathing or nutrient breakdown and absorption.