Introduction to Programming Concepts

This unit introduces foundational programming concepts, tools, and problem-solving techniques used in software and systems development. Students explore core language constructs, basic data structures and algorithms, development tools and workflows, and introductory web, database, and security concepts to prepare for building more complex applications in subsequent units.

Learning Objectives

• Analyze basic programming constructs (keywords, variables, assignment, conditionals, loops, and subprograms) and explain their roles in controlling program flow and organizing code
• Apply fundamental data structures and algorithms (arrays/collections, structures, sets, stacks, sequential search, bubble sort) and file I/O to implement, test, and document small programs that solve defined problems
• Demonstrate proficiency with development tools and language ecosystems by selecting a compiler or interpreter, writing readable commented source code in a chosen language, compiling/running programs, and diagnosing common syntax and runtime errors
• Evaluate programming paradigms, language and tool choices, and basic system concerns (object-oriented concepts, user interface evolution, HTML/CSS/JavaScript basics, introductory database ideas, and security fundamentals such as encryption and malware prevention) to justify design decisions for future projects